397 Schacht had gone “crazy”: Kopper, Hjalmar Schacht, 171.
398 “on the highest moral grounds”: “Success at The Hague,” Time, January 27, 1930.
398 “flamboyant political moves”: The Times, January 14, 1930, quoted in Simpson, Hjalmar Schacht in Perspective, 52.
398 “immoral agreement”: “Schacht to a Piggery,” Time, March 17, 1930.
399 “What is the actual reason”: Quoted in Mühlen, Schacht: Hitler’s Magician, 28.
401 Historians have debated: Balderston, Economics and Politics, 92.
401 unintended consequences of the Young Plan: Ritschl. “Reparations transfers, the Borchardt hypothesis and the Great Depression.”
402 “You must not think”: “Schacht Blames Reparations for World Slump: Holds Moratorium for Germany Inevitable,” New York Times, November 22, 1930.
402 “If the German people are going to starve”: “Schacht, Here, Sees Warning in Fascism,” New York Times, October 3, 1930.
402 “I would stop making payments”: Schacht, My First Seventy-six Years, 277.
403 “not above using the swastika”: Fromm, Blood and Banquets, 29.
403 “economic situation,” “pleasant, urbane” man: Schacht, My First Seventy-six Years, 279.
403 On January 5, Göring invited Schacht: Schacht, My First Seventy-six Years, 279-280, and Schacht, Account Settled, 29-30.
405 It had grown over the last decade: Schubert, The Credit Anstalt Crisis, 31-44.
405 to compensate Credit Anstalt: Aguado, “The Creditanstalt Crisis of 1931.”
406 The French government: Aguado, “The Creditanstalt Crisis of 1931,” and Lewis, Economic Survey, 63.
407 “more than likely throw out of the window”: Lamont Memorandum to Leffingwell,” Debt Suspension Matters,” June 5, 1931, quoted in Lamont, The Ambassador from Wall Street, 295-96.
408 “gentlemen do not read each other’s mail”: Stimson and Bundy, On Active Service, 188.
409 “conducting a post-mortem”: Leith Ross, Money Talks, 135.
410 “came crying down . . .”: Interview with Herbert Feis, November 4, 1955, quoted in Morrison, Turmoil and Tradition, 349.
410 “a sickly, overworked and overwhelmed man”: Wells, Experiment in Autobiography, 679, quoted in Schlesinger Jr. The Crisis of the Old Order, 244.
410 “like sitting in a bath of ink”: Stimson diary, June 18, 1931, quoted in Schlesinger, The Crisis of the Old Order, 243.
411 “we [the Americans] and the British”: Edge, Jerseyman’s Journal, 156.
411 “the killing of the fatted calf”: Edge, Jerseyman’s Journal, 192.
412 “the more one reflects”: Howe, World Diary, 105.
412 Norman got hold of young Mellon: Anon, High Low Washington, 99.
412 “Are you glad to be in Paris”: “Secretary Acts Quickly,” New York Times, June 26, 1931. Hoover vented against the French: Ferrell, American Diplomacy, 114.
413 Berlin was being “bled to death”: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Memorandum on telephone call between Harrison and Norman, July 1, 1931.
413 “France has been playing”: Macdonald Diary, July 5, 1931, quoted in Boyce, British Capitalism, 336.
414 “Now, Monsieur Mellon”: Cannadine, Mellon, 438.