The following tables will illustrate the making and working--both inciphering and de-ciphering--of the amended Biliteral Cipher of FrancisBacon:
CIPHER FOR NUMBERS AND DOTS.
P (Plain) means letter left untouched D (Dot) means letter with dot in body One Dot--(.) at Top (t)--_2 One Dot--(.) at Bottom (b)--_3 Two Dots--(..) at Top (t)--_4 Two Dots--(..) at Bottom (b)--_5
================+==========+============+==========+================= | | NUMBER | | | | CIPHER. | | | No. of +------------+ Alphabet | BACON CIPHER. | Symbols | No. Values | to be | DOT CIPHER | Required | of | arranged | | | Symbols | in order.| | | reported. | | ----------------+----------+------------+----------+----------------- A-- 1--a a a a a| --1-- | 9 | --A | --P..b B-- 2--a a a a b| --2-- | 7.2 | --D | --P..t--D C-- 3--a a a b a| --3-- | 5.2.1 | --Y | --P .b--D--P D-- 4--a a a b b| --2-- | 5.4 | --B | --P .b--D.t E-- 5--a a b a a| --3-- | 3.2.3 | --T | --P .t--D--P.t F-- 6--a a b a b| --4-- | 3.2.1.2 | | G-- 7--a a b b a| --3-- | 3.4.1 | --X.Z. | --P .t--D.t--P H-- 8--a a b b b| --2-- | 3.6 | --O | --P .t--D.b I-- 9--a b a a a| --3-- | 1.2.5 | --P | --P--D--P.b K--10--a b a a b| --4-- | 1.3.3.2 | | L--11--a b a b a| --5-- | 1.2.1.2.1 | | M--12--a b a b b| --4-- | 1.2.1.4 | | N--13--a b b a a| --3-- | 1.4.3 | --R | --P--D .t--P.t O--14--a b b a b| --4-- | 1.4.1.2 | | P--15--a b b b a| --3-- | 1.6.1 | --S | --P--D .b--P Q--16--a b b b b| --2-- | 1.8 | --E | --P--D..t R--17--b a a a a| --2-- | 2.7 | --I | --D--P..t S--18--b a a a b| --3-- | 2.5.2 | --K.Q. | --D--P .b--D T--19--b a a b a| --4-- | 2.3.2.1 | | V--20--b a a b b| --3-- | 2.3.4 | --H | --D--P .t--D.t W--21--b a b a a| --4-- | 2.1.2.3 | | X--22--b a b a b| --5-- | 2.1.2.1.2 | | Y--23--b a b b a| --4-- | 2.1.4.1 | | Z--24--b a b b b| --3-- | 2.1.6 | --G | --D--P--D.b 25--b b a a a| --2-- | 4.5 | --U.V. | --D.t--P.b 26--b b a a b| --3-- | 4.3.2 | --M | --D.t--P.t--D 27--b b a b a| --4-- | 4.1.2.1 | | 28--b b a b b| --3-- | 4.1.4 | --L | --D .t--P--D.t 29--b b b a a| --2-- | 6.3 | --C | --D .b--P.t 30--b b b a b| --3-- | 6.1.2 | --N | --D .b--P--D 31--b b b b a| --2-- | 8.1 | --F | --D..t--P 32--b b b b b| --1-- | 9 | --Repeat | --D..b ================+==========+============+==========+=================
NOTE.--When there are to be two dots at either top or bottom of aletter, the dot usually put in the body of a letter which is to indicate"b" can be placed at the opposite end of the letter to the doubledotting. This will help to baffle investigation without puzzling theskilled interpreter.
KEY TO NUMBER CIPHER
Divide off into additions of nine or eight. Thus if extraneous figureshave been inserted, they can be detected and deleted.
Cipher. De-Cipher.
A = 9 O = Repeat Letter B = 54 125 = P C = 63 143 = R D = 72 161 = S E = 18 18 = E F = 81 216 = G G = 216 234 = H H = 234 252 = K or Q I = 27 27 = I K.Q = 252 323 = T L = 414 341 = X or Z M = 432 36 = O N = 612 414 = L O = 36 432 = M P = 125 45 = U or V R = 143 521 = Y S = 161 54 = B T = 323 612 = N U.V = 45 63 = C X.Z = 341 72 = D Y = 521 81 = F Repeat = O 9 = A
FINGER CIPHER.
Values the same as Number Cipher.
The RIGHT hand, beginning at the thumb, represent the ODD numbers,
The LEFT hand, beginning at the thumb, represent the EVEN numbers.
KEY TO DOT CIPHER
P--Letter left plain. D--Dot in centre or where are two dots t or b in other end (b or t). .--Dot. t--top of letter. b--bottom of letter.
Cipher. De-Cipher.
A = P .. b P ------ D ------ P . b = P B = P . b -- D . t P ------ D . t -- P . t = R C = D . b -- P . t P ------ D .. t -------- = E D = P .. t -- D P ------ D . b -- P --- = S E = P -- D .. t P . t -- D ------- P . t = T F = D .. t -- P P . t -- D . t -- P --- = X or Z G = D -- P -- D . b P . t -- D . b -------- = O H = D -- P . t -- D . t P .. t -- D ------------- = D I = D -- P .. t P . b -- D ------- P = Y K.Q = D -- P . b -- D P . b -- D . t ------- = B L = D . t -- P -- D . t P .. b ----------------- = A M = D . t -- P . t -- D D ------- P ------- D . b = G N = D . b -- P -- D D ------- P . t -- D . t = H O = P . t -- D . b D ------- P .. t -------- = I P = P -- D -- P . b D ------- P . b -- D --- = K or Q R = P -- D . t -- P . t D . t -- P ------- D . t = L S = P -- D . b -- P D . t -- P . t -- D --- = M T = P . t -- D -- P . t D . t -- P . b -------- = U or V U.V = D . t -- P . b D .. t -- P ------------- = F X.Z = P . t -- D . t -- P D . b -- P ----- D ----- = N Y = P . b -- D -- P D . b --
P . t -------- = C Repeat = D .. b (W = U repeated) D .. b -------- = Repeat (W)
MEMORANDA.
Begin fresh with each line.
Take no account of stops.
Take no account of Capitals or odd words.
ye is one letter.
APPENDIX E
Page ----
NARRATIVE OF BERNARDINO DE ESCOBAN, KNIGHT OF THE CROSS OF THE HOLY SEEAND GRANDEE OF SPAIN
When my kinsman who was known as the "Spanish Cardinal" heard of myarrival in Rome in obedience to his secret summons, he sent one to mewho took me to see him at the Vatican. I went at once and found thatthough the carriage of his great office had somewhat aged my kinsmanit had not changed the sweet bearing which he had ever had towards me.He entered at once on the matter regarding which he had summoned me,leaving to later those matters of home and family which were close to usboth, and prefacing his speech with an assurance--unnecessary I enforcedon him--that he would not have urged me to so great a voyage, and at atime when the concerns of home and of His Catholic Majesty so needed mein my own place, had there not been strictest need of my presence atRome. This he then explained, ever anticipating my ignorance, so lucidlyand with sweet observance of my needs, that I could not wonder at hisgreat advancement.
Entering at once on the enterprise of the King as to the restoration ofEngland to the fold of the True Church he made clear to me that the onegreat wish of His Holinesse was to aid in all ways the achievement ofthe same. To such end he was willing to devote a vast treasure, thewhich he had accumulated for the purpose through many years. "But" saidmy kinsman, and with so much smiling as might become his grave office"the King hath here at the Court of Rome one to represent him, who,though doubtless a zealous and faithful servant of his Royal Master,hath not those qualities of discretion and discernment, of thesubjugation of self and the discipline of his own ideas, which go tomake up the perfection of the Ambassador. He hath already many times andin many ways, to many persons and in many Countries, said of HisHolinesse such things as, even if true--and they are not so--were, inthe high discretion of his office as Ambassador, better unspoken. This,moreover, in an Embassy wherein he wishes to acquire much which themundane world holds to be of great worth. The Count de Olivares hathspoken freely and without reserve of the Holy Father's reticence inhanding over vast sums of money to His Catholic Majesty as due toparsimony, to avarice, to meanness of spirit, and to other low qualitieswhich, though common enough in men, are soil to the name of God'sVicegerent on Earth! Nay" he went on, seeing that my horror was such asto verge on doubt, "trust me in this, for of the verity of these thingsI am assured. Rome hath many eyes, and the hearing of her ears iswidecast. The Pope and his Cardinals are well served throughout theworld. Little indeed happens in Christendom--aye and beyond it--which isnot echoed in secret in the Vatican. I know that not only has Count deOlivares spoken of his beliefs regarding the Holy Father to his mundanefriends, but he has not hesitated in his formal despatches to say thesame to his Royal Master. It hath grieved His Holinesse much that anycould so misunderstand him, and it hath grieved him more that HisCatholic Majesty should receive such calumnies without demur. Whereforehe would take some other means than the hand of the King of Spain toaccomplish his own secret ends. He knoweth well the high purpose of HisCatholic Majesty, your Royal Master, in the restoration of Englandto the True Faith; but yet his mind is much disturbed by his recentpronouncements regarding the Bishoprics. The See of Rome is the ArchEpiscopate of the Earth, and to its Bishop belongs by God's veryordinance the ruling of all the bishoprics of the Church. "Upon thisRock shall I build my Church." Now His Holinesse hath already promiseda million crowns towards the great emprise of the Armada; and he hathpromised it so that it be handed over to the King when his emprise,which is after all for the enlargement of his own kingdom, hath begun tobear fruit. But Count de Olivares is not content with this promise--thepromise remember of God's Vicegerent--and he is ever clamorous, not onlyfor the immediate payment of this promised sum, but for other sums. Hisnew request is for another million crowns. And even in the very presenceof His Holinesse, he so bears himself as if the non-compliance with hisdemand were a wrong to him and to his Master. From all which HisHolinesse, consulting in privacy with me who am also his friend--such isthe greatness with which he honoureth me--hath determined that, whereashe will of course keep to the last letter his promise of help, and willeven exceed largely the same, he will dispose in other ways of the greattreasure which he had already set aside for this English affair. When hehonoured me by asking my advice as to whom should be entrusted with thishigh endeavour, and had shown that of necessity it should be someSpaniard so that hereafter it might not be said that the emprise of theArmada had not his full sanction and support, I ventured to suggest thatin you first of all men this high trust should be reposed. For yourself,I said that I had known you from childhood, and had found you withouta flaw; and that you came from a race that had gone clothed in honoursince the time of the Moors."
Much other of like kind, my children, did my kinsman tell me that he hadsaid to His Holinesse; which so satisfied him that he had commanded himto send for me so that he could have the assurance of his own seeingwhat manner of man I was. My kinsman then went on to tell me how he hadtold His Holinesse of what I had already taken in hand regarding theGreat Armada. How I had promised the King a galleon fully equipped andmanned with seamen and soldiers from our old Castile; and how HisMajesty was so pleased, since my offer had been the first he hadreceived, that he had sworn that my vessel should carry the flag of thesquadron of the galleons of Castile. He told him also that the galleonwas to be called the _San Cristobal_ from my patron saint; and also thatso her figurehead should bear the image of the Christ into Englishwaters the first of all things that came from my Province. Which idea sowrought upon the mind of His Holinesse that he said: "Good man! GoodSpaniard! Good Christian! I shall provide the figurehead for the _SanCristobal_ myself. When Don de Escoban comes here I shall arrange itwith him."
When my kinsman had so informed me as to many things he left me a while,saying that he would ask the Pope to arrange for an audience with me.Shortly he returned with haste, saying that the Holy Father wished me tocome to him at once. I went in exaltation mingled with fear; and all myunworthiness of such high honour rose before me. But when I came to HisHolinesse and knelt before him he blessed me and raised me up himself.And when he bade me, I raised my eyes and looked at him in the face.Whereat he turned to the Spanish Cardinal and said: "You have spokenunder the mark, my brother. Here is a man indeed in whom I can trust tothe full."